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Aum (also Om, Devanagari ॐ, Chinese: 唵) is a mystical or sacred syllable in the Dharmic religions. It is placed at the beginning of most Hindu texts as a sacred exclamation to be uttered at the beginning and end of a reading of the Vedas or previously to any prayer or mantra. The Mandukya Upanishad is entirely devoted to the explanation of the syllable.
The syllable Aum is first described as all-encompassing mystical entity in the Upanishads. Today, in all Hindu art and all over India and Nepal, 'Aum' can be seen virtually everywhere, a standard sign[citation needed] for Hinduism and its philosophy and mythology.
In Jainism, Aum is regarded to be a condensed form of reference to the five parameshthis. The Dravyasamgrah quotes a Prakrit line:
ओम एकाक्षर पञ्चपरमेष्ठिनामादिपम् तत्कथमिति चेत "अरिहंता असरीरा आयरिया तह उवज्झाया मुणियां",
oma ekākşara pañcaparameşţhitāmādipam tatkabhamiti ceta "arihatā asarirā āyariyā taha uvajjhāyā muņiyā"
"Aum" one akshara, is made from the initials of the five parameshthis. It has been said: "Arihanta, Ashiri (i.e. siddha), Acharya, Upadhyaya, Munis(sadhus)"
Thus ओं नमः (oṃ namaḥ) is a short form of the Navkar Mantra.
In Buddhism
Buddhists place om at the beginning of their Vidya-Sadaksari or mystical formulary in six syllables (viz., om mani padme hum) As a seed syllable (bija mantra), it is also considered holy in Esoteric Buddhism.
With Buddhism's evolution and breaking away from Vedic/Hindu tradition, Aum and other symbology/cosmology/philosophies are shared with the Hindu tradition. This character often appeared as "唵" in Buddhist scripts in East Asia.
In Sikhism
Ek Onkar (also ੴ, ਇਕ ਓਅੰਕਾਰ, Ik Onkar) from Sanskrit ekomkāra "one omkāra" per the special sandhi rule treated above, is a central symbol of the unity of God in Sikhism, and is commonly found on Gurdwaras. Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikh religion, used the word Onkar to state the concept of a monotheistic God rather as opposed to the Trimurti concept.
This is further clarified by Guru Nanak in his composition (Guru Nanak, Guru Granth Sahib, 929).:
oua(n)kaar brehamaa outhapath
"From Ongkaar, the One Universal Creator God, Brahma was created."
stating that Onkar is that which created Brahma and therefore preceded Brahma.
Ek Onkar is the start of the Sikh Mool Mantra - the root basis of all Sikh sacred thought, and the first phrase of the Sikh Guru embodied in scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib.
In Zoroastrian tradition
Zoroastrians start off their prayers by chanting, On Ashem Vohu. They like the Sikhs pronounce the sacred syllable On rather than most believers.
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